TIME | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 4.2 |
Euro area – 20 countries (from 2023) | 3.6 | 4 | ||||||||||
Euro area - 19 countries (2015-2022) | 4 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4 | 4.1 | 4 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 4 | ||
Belgium | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 4 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 4.2 |
Bulgaria | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
Czechia | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 5.1 |
Denmark | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.7 | |
Germany | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.7 |
Estonia | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.3 |
Ireland | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 3.3 | |
Greece | 5 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 4.2 |
Spain | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 3.7 |
France | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.6 |
Metropolitan France | 3.7 | 3.7 | ||||||||||
Croatia | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 4.7 |
Italy | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
Cyprus | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.8 | 8.9 | |||
Latvia | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 6 | 6.3 |
Lithuania | 6.3 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7 | 7 | 5.5 | 6 | 5.7 |
Luxembourg | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 3 | 3.8 |
Hungary | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 6.6 |
Malta | 6.2 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 2.2 | 4.4 | 4.8 |
Netherlands | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 4 |
Austria | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 4.4 | ||
Poland | 5.4 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 5 | 5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 4.2 |
Portugal | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 3.5 |
Romania | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 4.2 | 6 | 6.2 |
Slovenia | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 |
Slovakia | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.4 |
Finland | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.9 |
Sweden | 5 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.6 |
Iceland | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6 | 5.8 | 5 | ||
Liechtenstein | 4.5 | 5 | ||||||||||
Norway | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4 | 3.3 | ||
Switzerland | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5 | 5 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
United Kingdom | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | |||||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4.8 | |||||||||||
Montenegro | 5.3 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 5.2 | ||
Moldova | 7.3 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 7.2 | ||||||||
North Macedonia | 7.2 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 5 | 6.8 | |
Georgia | 6.9 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 7 | ||||
Albania | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 6.2 | 7 | 6.8 | ||
Serbia | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 4.9 |
Türkiye | 8 | 8 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.8 | |
Ukraine | 7.8 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 7 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 4 | 5.2 | ||
Kosovo* | 9.3 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 9 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.8 | |||||
Andorra | 3.7 | 3.9 | ||||||||||
Belarus | 9.2 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 6.8 | 7 | 6.4 | ||||
Monaco | ||||||||||||
Russia | 9.2 | |||||||||||
San Marino | 6.3 | 6.1 | ||||||||||
Armenia | 6 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5 | 5.3 | ||||||
Azerbaijan | 9.6 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.4 |